The lowest layer of the OSI model is concerned with data communication in the form of electrical, optic, or electromagnetic signals physically transmitting information between networking devices and infrastructure. The network layer is considered the backbone of the OSI Model. It hides to the transport layer all the complexity of the underlying subnetworks and ensures that information can be exchanged between hosts connected to different types of subnetworks. Explanation: Anything dealing with a network cable or the standards in use – including pins, connectors and the electric current used is dealt in the physical layer (Layer 1). then knows where to send the message, and where it came from. 1. Below, we’ll briefly describe each layer, from bottom to top. In the IP model, the network layer directly corresponds to layer 2, the Internet layer. The network layer is concerned with the delivery of a packet across multiple networks. 4) Transport Layer. Hardware—the things you can actually physically touch—exist at Layer 1 (Physical). 4. Networks operate on one basic principle: “pass it on.” Layers 5-7, called the the upper layers, contain application-level data. It describes the electrical/optical, mechanical, and functional interfaces to the physical medium, and carries the signals for all of the higher layers. It divides network communication into seven layers. The network layer is the third layer (from bottom) in the OSI Model. The network layer has two main functions. In short, Layer 2 allows the upper network layers to access media, and controls how data is placed and received from media. This layer is embedded as software in your computer’s Network Interface Card (NIC). This takes data from the application and splits it into segments which will then be sent to the network layer. It selects and manages the best logical path for data transfer between nodes. Network: The network layer is concerned with the routing of traffic from one data link to another. The physical layer, the lowest layer of the OSI model, is concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. and that of the recipient. The network. The other is routing packets by discovering the best path across a physical network. Network layer - adds the sender’s IP address. This image illustrates the seven layers of the OSI model. In this model, layers 1-4 are considered the lower layers, and mostly concern themselves with moving data around. The bottom layer is concerned with the network architecture, such as Ethernet, and the top layer is the networking protocol suite, such as TCP/IP. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer, or what is commonly known as a host’s physical address. One is breaking up segments into network packets, and reassembling the packets on the receiving end. Transport: The transport The network layer is the glue between these subnetworks and the transport layer. Physical layer deals with bit to bit delivery of the data aided by the various transmission mediums. Physical. Image 125.2 – Layer Grouping With the modularity of the OSI model layer we can substitute a different network architecture …